Pharmaceutical compositions comprising pyridone derivatives

ABSTRACT

A pyridone derivative compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, solvate or hydrate thereof, and a preventive or therapeutic pharmaceutical composition for cognitive disorders that includes the pyridone derivative compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, solvate or hydrate thereof.

FIELD

The present invention provides an azabicycloalkane-substituted pyridone derivative compound as an agonist or partial agonist of a 7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, solvate, or hydrate thereof.

BACKGROUND ART

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which are of a ligand-gated ion channel family, are prevalent in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), and are involved in a variety of physiological functions. These receptors serve as important factors in controlling CNS's physiological functions via controlling the release of a variety of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Therefore, with the control of such neurotransmitters and the cellular signal transfer system, AChR may be used in treating diseases associated with cognitive function, learning and memory, neurodegeneration, pain and inflammation, neuropsychosis and mood disorder, and compulsive and addictive behaviors, controlling and treating inflammation or inflammatory diseases, and in relieving pains.

Diverse nAChR subtypes are present in the CNS and PNS. Typically, nAChR are ionic channels able to selectively transmit diverse cations with five monomers surrounding a central ion conducting pore of the ionic channel. In humans, at least 12 monomers, α2˜α10, and β2˜β4 are expressed, where these monomers form diverse homomeric or heteromeric complexes through combination with each other. Heteromeric α4β2 nAChR with high binding affinity to nicotin and homomeric α7 nAChR with low affinity to nicotin are known to be main expressions in the CNS [Gotti C, Zoli M, Clementi F (2006) Trends in Pharmacol. Sci. 27, 482-491].

Nicotinic α7 receptors, which are expressed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus that are responsible for brain's cognitive and sensory functions are found both in presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals, and thus have been suggested as a significant factor in synaptic pass [Burghaus L, Schutz U, Krempel U, de Vos RAI, Jansen Steur E N H, Wevers A, Lindstrom J, Schroder H (2000), Mol. Brain Res. 76: 385-388; Banerjee C, Nyengaard R J, Wevers A, de Vos R A I, Jansen Steur E N H, Lindstrom J, Pilz K, Nowacki S, Bloch W, Schroder H (2000), Neurobiol. Disease, 7; 666-672]. Nicotinic α7 receptors are inherently highly permeable to calcium ions, and thus have been proposed as a significant factor in diverse calcium-dependent neurotransmission systems [Oshikawa J, Toya Y, Fujita T, Egawa M, Kawabe J, Umemura S, Ishikawa Y (2003) Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 285; 567-574; Marrero M B, Bencherif M (2009) Brain Res. 1256; 1-7; Ospina J A, Broide R S, Acevedo D, Robertson R T, Leslie F M (1998) J. Neurochem. 70; 1061-1068].

Since nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in the control of various cerebral functions, including cognitive function and attentiveness, substances that are able to directly or indirectly activate such nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are expected to be ultimately beneficial in relieving cognitive impairments, such as Alzheimer type dementia, schizophrenia associated cognitive disorders, and attention deficit such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [Levin E D, McClernon F J, Rezvani A H (2006) Psychopharmacology 184; 523-539].

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Problem

The present invention provides an azabicycloalkane-substituted pyridone derivative compound as an agonist or partial agonist of a 7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, solvate, or hydrate thereof.

Technical Solution

According to aspects of the present invention, there are provided a pyridine derivative compound represented by Formula I below, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, solvate, or hydrate thereof, wherein, in Formula I, A is a C1-C10 heteroaryl group substitutable with at least one selected from the group consisting of a halo group, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C6-C12 aralky group, a C1-C6 alkoxy group, and a C6-C12 aryl group; and B is O or NH.

In some embodiments, B may be NH.

The term “heteroaryl group” used herein refers to a system with at least one aromatic ring that includes at least one heteroatom selected from among N, O and S, and of which the rest of the rings is carbon, and is also taken to include a condensed ring (bicyclic heteroaryl). In some embodiments, the C1-C10 heteroaryl group may be selected from the group consisting of thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, pyridyl, isoxazolyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, benzothiadiazole, thiadiazoly, pyrazolyl, and pyrazinyl.

In some embodiments the aralkyl group and the aryl group may be substituted by other halo or alkyl groups.

In some embodiments, the pyridone derivative compound of Formula I may be prepared from any known compound or any compound readily obtainable therefrom by one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, the following descriptions associated with methods of preparing the pyridone derivative compound are provided only for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For example, the order of unit operations may be changed if needed.

In the scheme illustrated above, R may be a heteroaryl group. In a general synthesis method illustrated in the above scheme, after synthesis of an intermediate 2 from a coumarilic acid 1 as a starting material, the intermediate 2 may react with an amino heteroaryl compound (R—NH₂) and dimethylformamide (DMF) at about 150° C. to obtain a 6-pyridone compound 3, which may be then hydrolyzed into 6-pyridone-3-carboxyl acid 4, and then a final compound 5 may be obtained via introduction of quinuclidine.

In the scheme illustrated above, R may be a heteroaryl group. After synthesis of 6-oxo-3-carbonylchloride (6) from 6-pyridone-3-carboxylic acid (4), a final compound (7) may be obtained via introduction of quinuclidinol.

Examples of the pyridine derivative are the compounds represented by Formula I, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, such as additional acid or base salts, and any stereochemical isomer thereof, wherein these salts are not specifically limited, and may be any salt that is able to retain activity of a parent compound thereof in a target subject and does not cause any undesirable effect. Examples of these salts are both inorganic and organic salts, such as acetic acid, nitric acid, aspartic acid, sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, maleic acid, glutamic acid, formic acid, succinic acid, phosphoric acid, phthalic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, hydrobromic acid, propionic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, stearic acid, cresylic acid, lactic acid, bicarbonic acid bisulfuric acid, bitartaric acid, oxalic acid, butylic acid, calcium edatate, camsylic acid, carbonic acid, chlorobenzoic acid, citric acid, edetic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, edicylinic acid, ecylinic acid, fumaric acid, gluceptic acid, pamoic acid, gluconic acid, glycollarsanylic acid, methyl nitrate, polygalactronic acid, hexyllisorcynonic acid, malonic acid, hydrobamic acid, hydrochlorinic acid, hydroiodic acid, hydroxynaphtholic acid, isethionic acid, lactobionic acid, mandelic acid, estolinic acid, mucic acid, muconic acid, p-nitromethanesulfonic acid, hexamic acid, phantothenic acid, monohydrogen phosphoric acid, dihydrogen phosphoric acid, salicylic acid, sulfamine acid, sulfanilic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and theoclic acid. Examples of a basic salt are an ammonium salt, a salt of an alkali or alkali earth metal such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, or calcium, a salt containing an organic base such as benzathine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, or hydrabamine, and a stalt containing an amino acid such as arginine or lysine. These salts may be converted into a free form by treatment with appropriate acid or base. The term “additional salt” may be construded as including solvates obtainable from any of the compounds of Formula I and salts thereof. Examples of these solvates are hydrates and alcoholates.

In some embodiments, stereochemical isomers of the pyridone derivative compound may be any compounds derived from the compounds represented by Formula I. Unless otherwise mentioned or indicated, the chemical designation of a compound encompasses a mixture of any possible stereochemically isomeric forms which the compound may possess, wherein the mixture may contain any diastereomers and/or enantiomers of the basic molecular structure of the compound. In particular, the stereocenter may be in either R or S-configuration, a substituent of divalent cyclic (partially) saturated radical may be in either the cis- or trans-configuration. A compound with a double bond may have either E or Z-stereochemistry in the double bond. Any stereochemical isomer of the compound of Formula I or Formula II also falls within the scope of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the pyridine derivative compound may be selected from the group consisting of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide,

-   N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-pyridinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(3-pyridinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-phenyl-2-pyridine-1-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide,     N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(3-isoxazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(3-phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propyl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)]-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)]-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-cyclopentyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-cyclohexyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-[5-(phenylmethyl)-2-thiazolyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridine     carboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(1,3-benzothiazole-6-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(1-isoquinolinyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-isoquinolinyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-quinolinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, -   N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-pyrazinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide,     (1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylate,     and -   (1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate.

In some embodiments, the pyridine derivative compound may be an agonist or partial agonist of an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

The term “agonist” used herein is understood to be given its broadest meaning, i.e, as any molecule that partially or entirely activate at least one biological activity of a target material (for example, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor). For example, the term “agonist” compound refers to a compound that increase or induce the biological activity of a protein (for example, the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor c-Met) to which the agonist compound binds. For example, the pyridine derivative compound may specifically bind to the extracellular domain of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to induce intracellular signal transmission, proving efficacy in prevention or treatment of cognitive impairments and in neurological recovery.

Nicotinic α7 receptors are known to be significant in the improvement of cognitive functions in, for example, learning, memory and attention. For example, nicotinic α7 receptors are associated with mild cognition impairment, Alzheimer's disease, age-associated and other cognitive impairments, neuropsychiatric cognitive disorder, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dementia caused by injection or metabolic disorder, Lewy body dementia, convulsions such as epilepsy, multiple cerebral infarcts, mood disorder, compulsive and addictive behaviors, inflammatory disease, and diseases and conditions associated with the control of pain caused from these disorders. The activity of the nicotinic α7 receptor may be changed or regulated by administration of α7 receptor ligands of which non-limiting examples are antagonists, agonists, partial agonists, and inverse agonists. α7 receptor ligands are usable in treatment and prevention of these various types of cognitive impairments and other conditions and diseases, and agonists and partial agonists thereof are known to improve cognitive functions and attention in rodents, non-human primates, and humans [Gotti C and Clementi F (2004) Prog. Neurobiol. 74; 363-396; Jones H E, Garrett B E, Griffiths, R R (1999) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 288; 188-197; Castner S A, Smagin G N, Piser T M, Wang Y, Smith J S, Christian E P, Mrzjak L, Williams G V (2011) Biol. Psychiatry 69; 12-18; Wallace T L, Callahan P M, Tehim A, Bertrand D, Tombaugh G, Wang S, Xie W, Rowe W B, Ong V, Graham E, Terry A V Jr, Rodefer J S, Herbert B, Murray M, Porter R, Santarelli L, Lowe D A. (2011) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 336; 242-253; Bitner R S, Bunnelle W H, Decker M W, Drescher K U, Kohlhaas K L, Markosyan S, Marsh K C, Nikkel A L, Browman K, Radek R, Anderson D J, Buccafusco J, Gopalakrishnan M. (2010) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 334; 875-886; Woodruff-Pak, D S, Santos I S (2000) Behav. Brain Res. 113; 11-19; Spinelli S, Ballard T, Feldon J, Higgins G A, Pryce C R (2006) Neuropharmacology 51; 238-250].

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cognitive impairment that includes the above-described pyridone derivative compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, solvate or hydrate thereof in a therapeutically effective amount; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In some embodiments, the cognitive impairment may be selected from the group consisting of pre-senile dementia, early onset Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, Alzheimer type dementia, Lewy corpuscle dementia, micro-infarct dementia, AIDS-related dementia, HIV-dementia, dementia associated with Lewy bodies, Down's syndrome associated dementia, Pick's disease, mild cognitive impairment, age associated memory impairment, recent short-term memory impairment, age-associated cognitive disorder, drug-associated cognitive disorder, immunodeficiency syndrome-associated cognitive disorder, vascular disease-associated cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning deficit disorder. The pharmaceutical composition is neuroprotective in terms of prevention or treatment of, for example, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Huntington's disease.

The term “cognitive disorder” used therein refers to withdrawals in a wide range of cognitive functions or cognitive domains in animals, for example, in working memory, attention and vigilance, verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, reasoning and problem solving, and in particular, for example, in executive function, task processing speed and/or social cognition. Cognitive disorders are known to exhibit attention deficit, disorganized thought, slow retarded thinking, comprehension difficulty, low attention, loss of problem solving ability, imprecise memory, difficulties in expressing thoughts and/or in integration of thought, sense and behavior, or in erasing unreasonable thoughts. The terms “cognitive disorder” and “cognitive deficit” are interchangeable.

The term “treatment” may be taken to include suppression and alleviation (regression) of diseases, disorders, or conditions associated with cognitive impairment in animals that have never been diagnosed with such diseases, disorders, or conditions caused by cognitive impairment, but that are apt to such diseases, disorders, or conditions. Accordingly, the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an effective dose of a clinical marker necessary to alleviate or reduce symptoms of diseases to be treated, or an effective dose of an effective active compound for reducing or retarding onset of such symptoms, which may be empirically determined through experiment in an in vivo and/or in vitro model of a disease to be treated.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be formulated in any form to be administered by any suitable route, for example, by oral, rectal, nasal, pulmonary, topical, transdermal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous, and intradermal) route, the oral route being preferred. For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may include a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle commonly used in the art. In some embodiments, for oral liquid formulations such as suspensions, syrups, elixirs, and solutions, examples of vehicles are water, glycol, oil, and alcohol. For solid formulations such as pills, capsules, lozenges, examples of vehicles are starch, sugar, kaoline, lubricants, binders, and disintegrants. It will be appreciated that the preferred route will depend on the general condition, age of the subject to be treated, the nature of the condition to be treated, and the active ingredient chosen. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be prepared in unit dosage form in terms of convenient administration and dose consistency.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered by any suitable route, for example, by parenteral route in the form of injections, or by oral route in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, powders, granules, pellets, troches, dragees, pills, lozenges, aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions, elixirs, or syrups. For parenteral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be prepared as dispersions, suspension, emulsions, sterile injection solutions, or dispersions containing sterile powder. The pharmaceutical composition is also available as a depot injection. Other suitable administration forms of the pharmaceutical composition are suppositories, sprays, ointments, creams, gels, inhalations, and skin patches. The pharmaceutical composition may be prepared in any of the above-listed forms using any method known in the art. Any pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle diluent, excipient, or other additives that are commonly used in the art may be used.

In some embodiments, for clinical purposes, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered in a unit dose form of about 0.001-100 mg/kg or in a multi-dose form. A total daily dose of the active compounds disclosed in the present specification may be from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg per body weight, and in some embodiments, may be from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg per body weight, but is not limited thereto, which depends on the generic conditions of a patient and the activity of the active compounds administered. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered about one to three times a day. In some circumstances, the pyridone derivative compound of Formula I may be used in formulating prodrug-type effective pharmaceutical compositions.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may further include other auxiliary components that do not inhibit or help the function of the active components, and may be formulated in any of a variety of forms known in the art.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a treatment method of a cognitive impairment, the method including contacting a subject to be treated with the pharmaceutical composition described above. The contacting may be performed in vitro or in vivo. The in vivo contacting may include administering the pharmaceutical composition to the subject. The subject may be cells, tissues, organics, or individuals. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered to a cell, tissue, or organ by direct contact of the pharmaceutical composition after dissolution in a suitable buffer solution, or may be parenterally administrated to an individual. Since descried above, the pharmaceutical composition and administration method used in the treatment will not be described herein in detail. The subject to which the pharmaceutical composition is administered may be any animal, for example, humans, or non-humans such as dogs, cats, and mice.

Advantageous Effects

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may effectively prevent or treat cognitive disorders associated with cognitive impairments.

MODE OF THE INVENTION

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the following examples. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

Example 1: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

Example 1-1: Synthesis of dimethyl 4-(methoxymethylene)-2-pentanedioate

52 mL (0.73 mmol) of acetylchloride was slowly dropwise added into a mixed solution of 500 mL of methanol and 50 g (0.36 mol) of coumalic acid at about 0° C. for about 10 minutes while stirring. The resulting reaction solution was stirred under reflux for about 10 hours. After termination of the reaction was determined by liquid chromatography, the reaction product was distilled using methanol under reduced pressure to obtain a compound. The compound was extracted three times with water and ethyl acetate, and an organic phase was purified at a reduced pressure using column chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate=1:5), thereby obtaining a target compound (Actual yield: 38 g, Percent yield: 53%).

(Major/minor ratio=5.8:1)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 200 MHz, major) δ7.64 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 6.62 (d, 1H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.73 (m, 6H)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 200 MHz, minor) δ8.87 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, 1H), 6.34 (d, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.73 (m, 6H)

Example 1-2: Synthesis of methyl 6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylate

After 2 g (9.9 mmol) of dimethyl 4-(methoxymethylene)2-pentenedioate obtained in Example 1-1 was dissolved in 10 mL of DMF, 1 g (9.9 mmol) of 2-aminothiazole was added to the solution. Afterward, the resulting reaction solution was stirred under reflux at about 150° C. for 6 hours. After termination of the reaction was determined by liquid chromatography, the solvent was removed in vacuo and was then washed using brine, followed by drying using magnesium sulfate, and filtration. After distillation under reduced pressure, the resulting product was purified using column chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate=1:3) to obtain a target compound (Actual yield: 1 g, Percent yield: 43%).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.65 (s, 1H), 7.99 (d, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 6.79 (d, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H)

Example 1-3: Synthesis of methyl 6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid

After 680 mg (2.88 mmol) of methyl 6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylate was dissolved in 12 mL of methanol and 4 mL of water, 207 mg (8.64 mmol) of lithium hydroxide was added to the solution. Afterward, the resulting reaction solution was stirred at about 75° C. for 5 hours. After termination of the reaction was determined by liquid chromatography, the solvent was removed in vacuo, and aqueous HCl was then added to the reaction solution to titrate until pH 2 was reached. The resulting solid compound was filtrated to obtain a target compound (Actual yield: 466 mg, Percent yield: 73%).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 500 MHz) δ13.29 (s, br, 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 6.76 (d, 2H)

Example 1-4: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide was synthesized using one of the following methods.

Method 1: After 720 mg (3.15 mmol) of 6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was dissolved in 20 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 2 mL of DMF, 450 mg (3.78 mmol) of quinuclidine dihydrochloride and 1.28 g (9.43 mmol) of diethylisopropylamide were added to the solution. After the reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for about 30 minutes, 1.4 g (3.78 mmol) of O-(benzotriazole-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) was added to the reaction solution, this reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for about 24 hours. After termination of the reaction was determined by liquid chromatography, the solvent was removed in vacuo, followed by extraction three times with chloroform and an aqueous NaOH solution (pH 12) and purification using liquid chromatography (chloroform:methanol:ammonia water=10:1:0.1) to obtain a target compound (Actual yield: 676 mg, Percent yield: 67%).

Method 2: After dissolution of 200 mg (0.90 mmol) of 6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid in 10 mL of dichloromethane, 363 mg (2.86 mmol) of oxalyl chloride was added to the solution, and a catalytic amount of DMF was then added thereto. After being stirred at room temperature for about 2 hours, the solvent was removed in vacuo. After addition of 220 mg (1.36 mmol) of quinuclidine dihydrochloride to 10 mL of acetonitrile, 445 mg (3.45 mmol) of diethylisopropylamide was added to the solution. This reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for about 1 hours. After addition of the reaction mixture distilled under reduced pressure to acetonitrile, the quinuclidine dihydrochloride reaction solution was slowly added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for about 24 hours and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting compound was extracted three times with chloroform and an aqueous NaOH solution (pH=12), and was then purified using liquid chromatography (chloroform:methanol:ammonia water=10:1:0.1) to obtain a target compound (Actual yield: 95 mg, Percent yield: 32%).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.26 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.24 (d, 1H), 7.19 (br, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.39 (m, 1H), 3.01 (m, 1H), 2.80 (m, 4H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 1H)

Example 2: Synthesis of N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3R-quinuclidine dihydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.26 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.24 (d, 1H), 7.19 (br, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.39 (m, 1H), 3.01 (m, 1H), 2.80 (m, 4H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 1H)

Example 3: Synthesis of N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3S-quinuclidine dihydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.26 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.24 (d, 1H), 7.19 (br, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.39 (m, 1H), 3.01 (m, 1H), 2.80 (m, 4H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 1H)

Example 4: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-pyridinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-aminopyridine was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ8.61 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.89 (m, 2H), 7.78 (d, 1H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 6.67 (d, 1H), 6.18 (br, d, 1H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.44 (m, 1H), 2.86 (m, 4H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.72 (m, 3H), 1.54 (m, 1H)

Example 5: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(3-pyridinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 3-aminopyridine was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ8.75 (s, 1H), 8.69 (m, 1H), 8.11 (m, 1H), 7.85 (m, 1H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 7.49 (m, 1H), 6.72 (m, 1H), 6.03 (br, 1H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.49 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 4H), 2.61 (m, 1H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.75 (m, 3H), 1.58 (m, 1H)

Example 6: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-chloropyridine was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ8.47 (s, 1H), 8.08 (m, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 6.70 (d, 1H), 6.05 (br, 1H), 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 2.84 (m, 4H), 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 3H), 1.57 (m, 1H)

Example 7: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-phenyl-2-pyridine-1-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-phenylpyridine was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ8.80 (s, 1H), 8.59 (m, 1H), 8.01 (m, 2H), 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.47 (m, 3H), 6.68 (d, 1H), 6.43 (br, 1H), 4.19 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.84 (m, 4H), 2.10 (m, 1H), 1.77 (m, 3H), 1.58 (m, 1H)

Example 8: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(3-isoxazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 3-aminoisoxazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ8.58 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.90 (m, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 6.95 (br, 1H), 6.63 (d, 1H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 2.91 (m, 4H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 3H), 1.58 (m, 1H)

Example 9: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-[3-phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 5-amino-3-phenylisoxazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 500 MHz) δ8.66 (s, 1H), 8.33 (m, 1H), 8.02 (d, 1H), 7.95 (m, 2H), 7.57 (m, 3H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 6.70 (d, 1H), 3.96 (m, 1H), 3.19 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 1H), 2.70 (m, 4H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.61 (m, 2H), 1.34 (m, 1H)

Example 10: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-methylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.23 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 6.73 (d, 1H), 6.5 6 (br, 1H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 2.82 (m, 4H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.74 (m, 3H), 1.56 (m, 1H)

Example 11: Synthesis of N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3, except that 2-amino-5-methylthiazole was used as a starting material. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3R-quinuclidine dihydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.23 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 6.73 (d, 1H), 6.5 6 (br, 1H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 2.82 (m, 4H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.74 (m, 3H), 1.56 (m, 1H)

Example 12: Synthesis of N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3, except that 2-amino-5-methylthiazole was used as a starting material. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3S-quinuclidine dihydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.23 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 6.73 (d, 1H), 6.5 6 (br, 1H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 2.82 (m, 4H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.74 (m, 3H), 1.56 (m, 1H)

Example 13: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-ethylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.30 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.18 (br, d, 1H), 6.72 (d, 1H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.88 (m, 5H), 2.16 (m, 1H), 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.34 (t, 3H)

Example 14: Synthesis of N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3, except that 2-amino-5-ethylthiazole was used as a starting material. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3R-quinuclidine dihydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.30 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.18 (br, d, 1H), 6.72 (d, 1H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.88 (m, 5H), 2.16 (m, 1H), 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.34 (t, 3H)

Example 15: Synthesis of N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3, except that 2-amino-5-ethylthiazole was used as a starting material. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3S-quinuclidine dihydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.30 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.18 (br, d, 1H), 6.72 (d, 1H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.88 (m, 5H), 2.16 (m, 1H), 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.34 (t, 3H)

Example 16: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propyl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-propylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.27 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 6.84 (br, 1H), 6.72 (d, 1H), 4.18 (m, 1H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 2.88 (m, 4H), 2.80 (t, 2H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 4H), 1.56 (m, 1H), 1.00 (t, 3H)

Example 17: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-isopropylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.28 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H), 7.29 (br, d, 1H), 6.71 (d, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.93 (m, 4H), 2.16 (m, 1H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.53 (m, 1H), 1.35 (d, 6H)

Example 18: Synthesis of N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3, except that 2-amino-5-isopropylthiazole was used as a starting material. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(5-propanl-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3R-quinuclidine dihydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.28 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H), 7.29 (br, d, 1H), 6.71 (d, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.93 (m, 4H), 2.16 (m, 1H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.53 (m, 1H), 1.35 (d, 6H)

Example 19: Synthesis of N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3, except that 2-amino-5-isopropylthiazole was used as a starting material. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(5-propanl-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3S-quinuclidine dihydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.28 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H), 7.29 (br, d, 1H), 6.71 (d, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.93 (m, 4H), 2.16 (m, 1H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.53 (m, 1H), 1.35 (d, 6H)

Example 20: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-tert-butylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.25 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 6.87 (br, 1H), 6.70 (d, 1H), 4.19 (m, 1H), 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 4H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.42 (s, 9H)

Example 21: Synthesis of N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-[5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl]-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3, except that 2-amino-5-tert-butylthiazole was used as a starting material. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3R-quinuclidine dihydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.25 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 6.87 (br, 1H), 6.70 (d, 1H), 4.19 (m, 1H), 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 4H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.42 (s, 9H)

Example 22: Synthesis of N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-[5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl]-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3, except that 2-amino-5-tert-butylthiazole was used as a starting material. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3S-quinuclidine dihydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.25 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 6.87 (br, 1H), 6.70 (d, 1H), 4.19 (m, 1H), 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 4H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.42 (s, 9H)

Example 23: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-cyclopentyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-cyclopentylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.17 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 6.95 (br, 1H), 6.64 (d, 1H), 4.10 (m, 1H), 3.37 (m, 1H), 3.19 (m, 1H), 2.99 (m, 1H), 2.81 (m, 4H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 3H), 1.66 (m, 6H), 1.50 (m, 1H)

Example 24: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-cyclohexyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-cyclohexylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.33 (s, 1H), 8.01 (d, 1H), 7.52 (br, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 6.68 (d, 1H), 4.32 (m, 1H), 3.47 (m, 1H), 3.39 (m, 1H), 3.32 (m, 1H), 3.05 (m, 3H), 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.24 (m, 1H), 2.04 (m, 3H), 1.87 (m, 4H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.49 (m, 4H), 1.23 (m, 1H)

Example 25: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-phenylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.53 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, 2H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.45 (m, 4H), 6.79 (d, 1H), 6.63 (br, 1H), 4.21 (m, 1H), 3.46 (m, 1H), 3.06 (m, 1H), 2.92 (m, 4H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.84 (m, 3H), 1.68 (m, 1H)

Example 26: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-chlorothiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.13 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.92 (br, 1H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.41 ((m, 1H), 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.28 (m, 4H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 1H)

Example 27: Synthesis of N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3, except that 2-amino-5-chlorothiazole was used as a starting material. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3R-quinuclidine dehydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.13 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.92 (br, 1H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.41 ((m, 1H), 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.28 (m, 4H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 1H)

Example 28: Synthesis of N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

6-Oxo-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-2 and Example 1-3, except that 2-amino-5-chlorothiazole was used as a starting material. A target compound was obtained from the synthesized 6-oxo-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-1,6-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 3S-quinuclidine dehydrochloride in the same manner as in Example 1-4 and Method 1.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.13 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.92 (br, 1H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.41 ((m, 1H), 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.28 (m, 4H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 1H)

Example 29: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-[5-(phenylmethyl)-2-thiazolyl)]-3-pyridine carboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 5-benzyl-1,3-thiazolyl-2-aniline was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.23 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.32 (m, 6H), 6.72 (d, 1H), 6.36 (br, 1H), 4.16 (s, 2H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.44 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 4H), 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.72 (m, 3H), 1.52 (m, 1H)

Example 30: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-4-methylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.34 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 6.78 (d, 1H), 6.4 0 (br, 1H), 4.18 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 2.84 (m, 4H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 3H), 1.58 (m, 1H)

Example 31: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-4-chlorophenylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.52 (s, 1H), 7.87 (m, 2H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7. 41 (m, 2H), 6.80 (m, 1H), 6.38 (br, 1H), 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.47 (m, 1H), 3.03 (m, 1H), 2.83 (m, 3H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 1.86 (m, 3H), 1.69 (m, 1H)

Example 32: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 2, except that 2-amino-4,5-dimethylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.18 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, 1H), 7.19 (br, d, 1H), 6.60 (d, 1H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.35 (m, 1H), 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.84 (m, 4H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 1H)

Example 33: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.45 (s, 1H), 7.98 (m, 3H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 6.84 (m, 1H), 6.32 (br, 1H), 4.17 (m, 1H), 3.44 (m, 1H), 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.94 (m, 3H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.84 (m, 3H), 1.60 (m, 1H)

Example 34: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-4-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.50 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, 1H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 7.38 (m, 1H), 6.84 (d, 1H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 6.53 (br, 1H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 4.08 (m, 3H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 2.71 (m, 4H), 2.68 (m, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 3H), 1.58 (m, 1H)

Example 35: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-[5,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5,6-dimethoxy-1,3-benzothiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.46 (s, 1H), 8.65 (d, 1H), 8.09 (d, 1H), 7.84 (d, 2H), 6.80 (d, 1H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.46 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 4H), 2.49 (m, 6H), 2.38 (m, 1H), 2.07 (m, 1H), 1.79 (m, 3H), 1.62 (m, 1H)

Example 36: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(2,1,3-benzothiazole-4-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 4, except that 4-amino-2,1,3-benzothiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ8.18 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, 1H), 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 6.66 (d, 1H), 6.42 (br, d, 1H), 4.05 (m, 1H), 3.33 (m, 1H), 2.84 (m, 4H), 2.54 (m, 1H), 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.67 (m, 3H), 1.46 (m, 1H)

Example 37: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(1,3-benzothiazole-6-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 6-amino-1,3-benzothiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ8.93 (s, 1H), 8.23 (m, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, 1H), 7.57 (d, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 6.56 (br, d, 1H), 4.15 (m, 1H), 3.39 (m, 1H), 2.88 (m, 4H), 2.72 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.76 (m, 3H), 1.53 (m, 1H)

Example 38: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 3-amino-5-methyl-2-phenylpyrazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ8.97 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.23 (d, 2H), 7.52 (m, 3H), 7.33 (m, 2H), 6.44 (br, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 2.91 (m, 3H), 2.86 (m, 2H), 2.67 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, 1H), 1.75 (m, 3H), 1.59 (m, 1H)

Example 39: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(1-isoquinolinyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 1-aminoisoquinoline was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.10 (d, 1H), 8.92 (d, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.80 (m, 3H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.43 (m, 2H), 5.98 (br, 1H), 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.63 (m, 1H), 2.87 (m, 4H), 2.58 (d, 1H), 2.07 (m, 1H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.52 (1H), 1.43 (s, 1H)

Example 40: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-isoquinolinyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 and Method 1, except that 1-aminoisoquinoline was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.38 (m, 1H), 8.59 (m, 1H), 8.18 (m, 1H), 8.05 (m, 1H), 7.82 (m, 1H), 7.78 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 6.77 (d, 1H), 6.30 (br, 1H), 4.11 (m, 1H), 3.41 (m, 1H), 2.85 (m, 4H), 2.61 (m, 1H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 3H), 1.49 (m, 1H)

Example 41: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-quinolinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 and Method 1, except that 1-aminoquinoline was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ8.90 (d, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.80 (t, 3H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 6.78 (d, 1H), 6.23 (br, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 2.81 (m, 4H), 2.59 (m, 1H), 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 1H)

Example 42: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-[5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 2, except that 2-amino-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.31 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, 1H), 7.24 (br, s, 1H), 6.78 (d, 1H), 4.21 (m, 1H), 3.39 (m, 1H), 3.12 (m, 1H), 2.91 (m, 4H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.12 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, 1H)

Example 43: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ8.14 (s, 1H), 7.97 (m, 2H), 7.59 (m, 3H), 7.47 (m, 1H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 5.99 (br, 1H), 4.11 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 2.82 (m, 4H), 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.83 (m, 3H), 1.66 (m, 1H)

Example 44: Synthesis of N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-pyrazinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and Method 1, except that 2-aminopyrazine was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.31 (s, 1H), 8.62 (m, 3H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 6.68 (d, 1H), 6.31 (br, 1H), 4.09 (m, 1H), 3.41 (m, 1H), 2.87 (m, 4H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.17 (m, 1H), 1.75 (m, 3H), 1.58 (m, 1H)

Example 45: Synthesis of (1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-[5-methyl-1,3-thiadiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylate

Example 45-1: Synthesis of methyl 1-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylate

A target compound was synthesized using 2-amino-5-methylthiazole in the same manner as in Example 1-2.

Example 45-2: Synthesis of 1-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid

A target compound was obtained using methyl 1-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylate and LiOH in the same manner as in Example 1-3.

Example 45-3: Synthesis of 6-oxo-1-phenyl-1,6-dihydro-pyridine-3-carbonyl chloride

After 510 mg (2.15 mmol) of 1-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid obtained in Example 45-2 was dissolved in 10 mL of toluene, 522 mg (4.30 mmol) of thionylchloride was added to the solution. Afterward, the resulting reaction solution was stirred under reflux at about 100° C. for 2 hours. After termination of the reaction was determined by liquid chromatography, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting solid compound was used in Example 45-4 without an additional purification process.

Example 45-4: Synthesis of (1-Azabicyclo [2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-[5-methyl-1,3-thiadiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylate

After dissolution of the mixed solution of 6-oxo-1-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carbonyl chloride obtained in Example 45-3 in 5 mL of pyridine, 547 mg (4.30 mmol) of 3-hydroxyquinuclidine was added thereto. Afterward, the resulting reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for about 3 days. After termination of the reaction was determined by liquid chromatography, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting compound was extracted three times with water and chloroform, and the organic phase was purified using liquid chromatography (chloroform:methanol:ammonia water=10:1:0.1) to obtain a target compound (Actual yield: 357 mg, Percent yield: 48%).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.52 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 6.72 (d, 1H), 5.01 (m, 1H), 3.33 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 5H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.72 (m, 1H), 1.60 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 1H)

Example 46: Synthesis of (1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate

A target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 45, except that 2-amino-5-isopropylthiazole was used as a starting material.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ9.58 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 6.77 (d, 1H), 5.07 (m, 1H), 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 2.87 (m, 5H), 2.21 (m, 1H), 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.54 (m, 1H), 1.40 (d, 6H)

Example 47: Measurement of Human α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR)'s Activity

Activity of heteromeric α7 nAChR was measured via FlexStation-Ca²⁺ influx assay. In the present example, in consideration of α7 nAChR being Ca²⁺-permeable non-selective cationic channels, changes intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration were measured using a fluorescent dye Calcium-3 (available from Molecular Devices) and FlexStation II instrument (available from Molecular Devices).

Human CHRNA7 (NM_000746) cDNA ORF clone (C/N RC221382; Origene) and Human RIC3 (NM_024557) cDNA ORF clone (C/N RC205179; Origene) were subcloned into pcDNA2.1/Zeo(+) vector (available from Invitrogen, Co.) to construct HEK293T/17 cells (ATCC, CRL-11268) transfected with human α7 nAChR. Afterward, the cells were suspended in growth media (consisted of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Media (DMEM, available from Invitrogen), a 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, available from Invitrogen), 300 μg/ml Geneticin (available from Invitrogen), 250 μg/ml Zeocin (available from Invitrogen), and 1× penicillin/streptomycin (available from Invitrogen)), followed by plating onto a ϕ150 mm plate. Twenty-four hours prior to the start of the assay, grown cells in the suspension were collected, followed by centrifugation and further suspension at a concentration of 5×10⁵ cells/mL in growth media. This cell suspension was dispensed to each well of a 96-well black plate (5×10⁴ cells/well) with a poly-D-lysine-coated transparent bottom (available from Biocoat, BD). The plate with the cells were incubated at about 37° C. in 5% CO₂ for about 24 hours.

On the day of the assay, after removal of the growth media, the cells were washed once with an assay buffer (7 mM Tris-Cl, 20 mM HEPES, 20 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 0.8 mM MgSO₄, 4 mM CaCl₂, 120 mM NMDG, 5 mM D-glucose, pH 7.4), followed by addition of about 100 ul per well of a Calcium-3 dye diluted with the assay buffer, and storage at room temperature for about 1 hour. A test compound (10 mM stock in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) was diluted with the assay buffer to various concentrations, from the highest at about 40 μM to be lower by ⅓, and PNU-120596 (available from Sigma) for amplifying Ca²⁺ permeability signaling was diluted to about 30 μM with the assay buffer. Epibatidine (available from Sigma) in a final concentration of about 1 μM was used as a positive control group.

To measure changes in intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration, after the plate was stored at room temperature for about 1 hour and the test compound dilution plate were put into FlexStation II equipment, fluorescence of the cells were measured for about 30 seconds prior to addition of drugs (the compounds), followed by addition of PNU-120596 and measurement of changes in fluorescence for about 120 seconds. After the cells were exposed to the test compound, changes in fluorescence for about 90 seconds were measured (excitation at 485 nm/emission at 525 nm). The largest fluorescence value at each concentration was recorded, and an EC₅₀ of the test compound was determined using non-linear regression analysis with relative fluorescence values relative to the positive control group.

The results were represented as EC₅₀ values. For those compounds lacking dependency on concentration, relative fluorescence values were read at a concentration with the highest fluorescence value among the compounds tested. This test was performed one time or more. Efficacies of the compounds synthesized in some examples were tested using the same method as above, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. In Table 1, + denotes an EC50 of 1000 nM or greater, ++ denotes an EC50 of from 500 nM to 1000 nM, +++ denotes an EC50 of from 100 nM to about 500 nM, and ++++ denotes an EC50 of 100 nM or less.

TABLE 1 Example EC₅₀ of human α7 nAChR (nM)  1 +++  2 +++  3 +++  6 +  7 +++  9 + 10 +++ 11 ++++ 12 ++ 13 +++ 14 ++++ 15 +++ 16 +++ 17 +++ 18 ++++ 19 +++ 20 +++ 21 +++ 22 ++ 23 +++ 24 +++ 25 ++ 26 ++++ 27 +++ 28 + 29 +++ 30 + 33 +++ 42 + 45 + 46 + +; 1000 nM or greater, ++; from 500 nm to 1000 nM, +++; from 100 mM to 500 nM, ++++; 100 nM or less

Example 48: Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) on Mice Administrated with Pyridine Derivative Compound-Containing Composition

A NORT, which was first introduced by Ennaceur and Delacour, is a cognitive memory test for measuring whether rats are able to remember objects with which they have had previous experience based on the nature of rats, i.e., preference to explore novel objects [Ennaceur A and Delacour J (1988) Anew one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in rats. 1; Behavioral data. Behavioral Brain Res. 31; 47-59]. This NOR test is a popular experimental method for measuring changes in memory of objects in rodents administered with either an amnesia-inducing drug or other general drugs, by which memory recovery efficacy of a test drug in the rodents administered with the amnesia-inducing drug is explored. In the present example, the test was performed in accord with the description of Bevins and Besheer [Bevins, R. A. & Besheer, J. Object recognition in rats and mice; a one-trial non-matching-to-sample learning task to study ‘recognition memory’. Nat Protoc. 2006; 1(3); 1306-11. (2006)]. Male ICR mice (available from Orient Bio Inc., Korea) weighing from about 20 g to about 32 g were orally administered a test compound dissolved in a 30% PEG at doses of 0.03˜3 mg/kg and 10 ml/kg body weight. 30 minutes after the administration, MK-801 (available from Sigma) dissolved in saline was subcutaneously administered at doses of 0.1 mg/kg and 10 ml/kg body weight to induce amnesia. About 30 minutes after the administration of MK-801, the mice were allowed to explore a rectangular stainless steel pillar or a circular plastic pillar which was previously placed in a box for about 5 minutes. About 24 hours after the exploration, one of the two objects previously presented was replaced with a new one (i.e., to include one rectangular stainless steel pillar and one circular plastic pillar), the times they took to explore were measured for about 5 minutes. A recognition index (RI) was defined as:

[(Exploration time for novel object in test compound group/Exploration time for all objects in test compound group)/(Exploration time for novel object in MK801 group/Exploration time for all objects in MK801 group)×100].

Table 2 below presents relative Ris of the compounds at a minimal dose resulting in half maximal activation (EC₅₀).

TABLE 2 Example NORT Relative RI (%) @ MED  1 114.8% @ 0.03 po  2 116.4% @ 0.01 po 10 114.8% @ 0.3 po 11 111.8% @ 0.03 po 13 116.7% @ 0.3 po 14 109.6% @ 0.03 po 17 112.0% @ 0.3 po 20 117.0% @ 0.3 po 24 121.6% @ 0.03 po 26 110.4% @ 0.3 po 33 118.3% @ 0.01 po 

1-7. (canceled)
 8. A method for treating a disease mediated by an agonist or partial agonist of a 7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a patient, comprising: administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, wherein A is C₁-C₁₀ heteroaryl optionally substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of halo, chlorophenyl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₁₂ aralkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, and C₆-C₁₂ aryl; and B is O or NH.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein B is NH.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein A is thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, pyridyl, isoxazolyl, isoquinolinyl, quinolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl or pyrazinyl, which is optionally substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of halo, chlorophenyl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₁₂ aralkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, and C₆-C₁₂ aryl.
 11. The method of claim 8, wherein A is thiazolyl or benzothiazolyl optionally substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of halo, chlorophenyl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₁₂ aralkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, and C₆-C₁₂ aryl.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein A is C₁-C₁₀ heteroaryl substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of chloro, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, chlorophenyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl and methoxy.
 13. The method of claim 8, wherein A is selected from thiazolyl, methylthiazolyl, ethylthiazolyl, propylthiazolyl, iso-propylthiazolyl, tert-butylthiazolyl, cyclopentylthiazolyl, cyclohexylthiazolyl, phenylthiazolyl, chlorophenylthiazolyl, benzylthiazolyl, chlorothiazolyl and dimethylthiazolyl.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein B is NH.
 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-pyridinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(3-pyridinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-phenyl-2-pyridine-1-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(3-isoxazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(3-phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propyl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)]-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)]-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-cyclopentyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-cyclohexyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-[5-(phenylmethyl)-2-thiazolyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(1,3-benzothiazole-6-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(1-isoquinolinyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-isoquinolinyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-quinolinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-pyrazinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, (1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylate, and (2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate.
 16. The method of claim 8, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propyl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-cyclopentyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-cyclohexyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-[5-(phenylmethyl)-2-thiazolyl)]-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(4-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, and N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-[5,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide.
 17. The method of claim 8, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, and N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide.
 18. The method of claim 8, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-ethyl-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-oxo-1-(5-propan-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-[5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl]-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-[5-tert-butyl-2-thiazolyl]-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, and N-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-1-(5-chloro-2-thiazolyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide.
 19. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises administration of the compound in a form of a pharmaceutical composition which further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an oral formulation.
 21. The method of claim 8, wherein the compound is administered to control pain.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the pain is caused by Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or cognitive disorder.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the cognitive disorder is selected from the group consisting of pre-senile dementia, early onset Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, Lewy body corpuscle dementia, micro-infarct dementia, AIDS-related dementia, HIV-dementia, dementia associated with Lewy bodies, Down's syndrome associated dementia, Pick's disease, mild cognitive impairment, recent short-term memory impairment, age-associated cognitive disorder, drug-associated cognitive disorder, immunodeficiency syndrome-associated cognitive disorder, vascular disease-associated cognitive impairment and learning deficit disorder. 